What Home Inspectors Look for in Roofs, Plumbing, and Electrical Systems
When buying or selling a home, one of the most critical steps in the process is the home inspection. A certified home inspector examines the property from top to bottom, ensuring the major systems are functioning properly and identifying potential safety hazards. Among the most important areas inspected are the roof, plumbing, and electrical systems. These three areas can significantly impact a home’s value, safety, and future maintenance costs.
In this article, we’ll break down exactly what home inspectors look for in roofing, plumbing, and electrical systems, so you know what to expect and how to prepare.
Roof Inspections: Protecting the Home from Above
The roof is your home’s first line of defense against weather damage. During a roof inspection, the home inspector evaluates the entire roofing system for signs of wear, damage, and structural issues. Here’s what they typically check:
1. Roof Covering and Materials
- Inspectors examine the shingles, tiles, or metal panels for cracking, curling, missing pieces, or rust.
- They check for signs of improper installation or patchwork repairs.
- Common defects include aging shingles, granular loss, and exposed underlayment.
2. Flashing and Penetrations
- Flashing around chimneys, vents, and skylights is examined for rust, gaps, or deterioration.
- Poor flashing can lead to roof leaks and moisture intrusion.
3. Roof Drainage
- Gutters and downspouts are evaluated for clogging, sagging, and improper slope.
- Inspectors ensure that water is being directed away from the foundation.
4. Structural Integrity
- The roof’s structure, including the decking, rafters, and trusses, is visually inspected (when accessible) for sagging, rot, or signs of leaks.
- Attics are often checked for water stains or daylight penetration.
Plumbing Inspections: Ensuring Safe Water Flow
The plumbing system is responsible for supplying clean water and removing waste efficiently. A plumbing issue can quickly turn into a costly and unsanitary problem. During a home inspection, the plumbing system is thoroughly reviewed:
1. Water Supply and Pressure
- Inspectors test faucets, showers, and toilets to evaluate water pressure and flow.
- They check for leaks under sinks, behind toilets, and around appliances.
2. Pipe Material and Condition
- The inspector identifies the type of piping (copper, PEX, galvanized steel, etc.) and notes any signs of corrosion, leaks, or damage.
- Galvanized pipes, for example, are prone to rust and may need replacement.
3. Drainage and Waste Systems
- Inspectors test drains in sinks, tubs, and showers to ensure proper drainage.
- They check for signs of slow drainage or gurgling, which can indicate a clogged or poorly vented system.
4. Water Heater
- The water heater is examined for age, condition, and proper installation.
- Inspectors check for leaks, rust on the tank, and a working pressure relief valve.
5. Sump Pump (if present)
- Inspectors will check the operation of the sump pump, especially in basements prone to water intrusion.
Electrical Inspections: Keeping Your Home Safe from Shock or Fire
The electrical system powers your entire home and must meet current safety standards. Faulty electrical wiring is a leading cause of house fires, so this part of the inspection is crucial.
1. Main Electrical Panel
- Inspectors open the electrical panel to check for labeling, condition, and signs of overheating or corrosion.
- They verify the panel has enough capacity to support the home’s electrical load.
2. Wiring Type and Condition
- The inspector identifies wiring types (e.g., aluminum, copper, knob-and-tube) and checks for frayed wires, exposed connections, or amateur modifications.
- Aluminum wiring in older homes can be a fire hazard if not properly maintained.
3. GFCI and AFCI Protection
- Ground Fault Circuit Interrupters (GFCIs) and Arc Fault Circuit Interrupters (AFCIs) are tested in bathrooms, kitchens, garages, and bedrooms for safety.
- Missing or non-functioning GFCIs are flagged for correction.
4. Outlets, Switches, and Fixtures
- Inspectors test a sample of outlets and switches throughout the home.
- They ensure outlets are grounded and properly secured, and that light fixtures function as expected.
5. Visible Electrical Hazards
- Any exposed wiring, improperly installed fixtures, or unsafe DIY repairs are noted in the inspection report.
Conclusion: Why These Systems Matter
Understanding what home inspectors look for in roofs, plumbing, and electrical systems helps buyers, sellers, and homeowners stay proactive. These critical systems affect not only the safety and functionality of a home but also its resale value and potential repair costs.
If you’re preparing for a home sale or purchase, or just want to ensure your home is in top condition, scheduling a professional home inspection is the best step forward. Don’t wait until a small issue becomes a costly problem—know what’s going on above your head, behind your walls, and beneath your floors.
